Animal Form and Function: Immune System

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In this video I go over the mainstream theory of the immune system, which is a network of biological processes that detects and responds pathogens entering an organism. Nearly all organisms have some sort of immune system, while jawed vertebrates including humans have sophisticated defense mechanisms and the ability to adapt to recognize previously encountered pathogens. The innate immune system is a rapid and broad defense mechanism, which includes phagocytosis to engulf large foreign particles. The adaptive immune system involves specialized white blood cells killer cells and T / B lymphocytes which can recognize unique molecules on pathogens called antigens via Y-shaped proteins called antibodies. This immunological memory is the basis of vaccination.

science biology ImmuneSystem animals vaccine

Timestamps:

- Immune system is a biological network that detects and responds to pathogens: 0:00 - Diagram of phagocytosis, in which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle: 1:58 - Complement system or complement cascade enhances or complements the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes. It consists of small proteins circulating in the blood as inactive precursors: 3:18 - Cytokines are small proteins important in cell signalling and cannot cross the lipid bilayer of cells. Similar to hormones: 8:23 - Inflammation is a protective response to harmful stimuli and its function is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury and clear out damaged tissues to initiate tissue repair. 12:55 - Jawed vertebrates have the ability to adapt to recognize pathogens more efficiently, and is the basis of vaccination: 17:47 - Diagram of immune response for first exposure and…

Full video below:

- Summary: - Full video and playlist: - Notes: - MES Science playlist: .

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